Exercising its discretion in certain areas without discussions with or the agreement of a union as an employer’s or management’s unqualified authority. The rights to (1) assign and direct workforce, (2) discipline employees for just cause, (3) increase / reduce workforce in support of the firm and based on available money, (4) decide products availability , price, method. Also known as management rights , they are not subject to negotiations and may be expressly stated as such in a collective bargaining agreement .