A bond that has been issued by the government. Generally, it is already backed up by several securities of the government which are set in escrow.

A requirement that states that any person who wishes to apply for an insurance license must complete an educational degree or course.

The evaluation of the value of a firm, before it is sold. Valuation is done by issuing new shares, and then multiplying the price to earnings ratio by the periodic […]

Costs that are charged before a firm actually opens for business, usually in the setting up and promotional activities.

Costs that are incurred before income has been reported on the balance sheet .

the term that is used for material given to the probation department to help a court sentence a criminal after conviction.

The total amount that is paid that is not inclusive of the various taxes. Such taxes are existent in all types of transactions. For example, wages, plans, investments are inclusive […]

The sign that a firm is able to cover interest payments and other debts before it pays its income tax dues. It is a product of annual debt service and […]

It is the sum of operating income and the interest incomes and expenses.

The company’s earnings before taxes are accounted for. A higher pre-tax profit margin is considered to be a good indicator of the firm’s profits.

The indicator of a company’s ability to successfully manage and operate its reserve resources. It is the product of the total assets and the Net operating income before taxes.

The earnings of a stockholder per dollar invested before taxes are taken into account. It is the product of net worth and pre tax income.

The reduction or elimination of contaminants, or altering the nature of the wastewater before it is discharged.

Preparatory advice that is given about a credit letter, usually given to the issuing bank from the advising bank , when time is of the essence . It is also […]

A clause at the beginning of a constitution or statute explanatory of the reasons for its enactment and the objects sought to be accomplished . See Townsend v. State, 147 […]

the terms written at the start of the constitution that begins with, “We, the people of the United States …” See appendix 2.

The kind and degree of evidence prescribed in advance (as. by statute) as requisite for the proof of certain facts or the establishment of certain instruments. It is opposed to […]

A type of trading, considered illegal, in which participants within the market arrange between themselves regarding how they are going to perform in the future.

ly happens. Post v. Pearsall, 22 Wend. (N. Y.) 425, 475. Praesnmptio violenta plena probatio . Co. Litt 66. Strong presumption Is full proof. Praesnmptio violenta valet in lege. Strong […]

A plan of payment, in which all of the premiums are generally paid through an already authorized bank draft.

An arrangement between a bank and its customer, allowing the bank to debit the client’s account for a loan or any installment that is payable.

In English ecclesiastical law . A stipend granted in cathedral churches ; also, hut improperly, a prebendary. A simple prebend is merely a revenue; a prebend with dignity has some […]

An ecclesiastical person serving on the staff of a cathedral, and receiving a stated allowance or stipend from the income or endowment of the cathedral, in compensation for his services.

To officially lodge a payment request, even though the payment isn’t due until a date in the future. Generally, these are issued in order to get the payment and ensure […]

Day-works which the tenants of certain manors were bound to give their lords in harvest time. Magna precaria was a great or general reaping day. Cowell.